’Glades cleanup harmful?
Water flows at root of possible problem

Florida Keynoter
Saturday,February 28, 2004
By HILARY ROXE Associated Press

Efforts to clean up and restore the Everglades may end up hurting another state environmental landmark — coral reefs off the Florida Keys.

As the massive $8 billion Everglades restoration project increases the amount of water flowing into the bay, nitrogen in that water may kill coral, Dr. Brian Lapointe, a scientist at the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution in Fort Pierce, said this week.

The restoration is designed to clean up water passing through the region, and return some of the historic water flow to the Florida Bay. Though the project will filter pollutants from the water, the focus is largely on phosphorus, which scientists say poses the most serious threat to the Everglades.

But Lapointe said nitrogen, which comes from farm runoff, sewage and other places, is another culprit. Nitrogen feeds algae, causing it to burgeon and compete with coral, he said. That type of plant growth also clouds up the clear water that corals prefer. He said there have already been examples of the phenomenon in the Keys.

Between 1996 and 1999, after an increase in the flow of water into the bay, 38 percent of the living coral in the Keys died off, a problem Lapointe credited to “nitrogen overloading.” Other pollutants were clearly in that water, but Lapointe said nitrogen caused an explosion in algae blooms, which led to the reef’s demise.

The Keys reefs began to recover when officials decreased the water flow into the region in 1998, Lapointe said.

But as the amount of water flowing into the bay increases through the Everglades restoration, so will the amount of nitrogen reaching the area, and Lapointe said the reefs will again be in danger.

Dr. David Rudnick, a senior scientist with the South Florida Water Management District, which helps coordinate the Everglades restoration effort, said researchers are still studying nitrogen’s effects. Because the project concentrates on the Everglades, officials pay less attention to the marine environment, and therefore less attention to nitrogen.

“In the Everglades, phosphorus is so overwhelmingly important that the attention is paid to phosphorus.... There’s no getting around phosphorus,” he said.

If studies over the next two to three years find that nitrogen is damaging the bay, Rudnick said officials will change their plans.

“When we start manipulating an ecosystem of this scale..., there are going to be changes that are unpredictable, and that understanding of our limitations is built into the program,” he said.

Rudnick said the filters that remove phosphorus from the water also screen out about 30 to 50 percent of the nitrogen.